AAAbdelkriem AcademyEducate Me Up

تانية بكالوريا · Vocabulary · Unit 6

Global Responsibility and Advocacy

أهم كلمات Unit 6 (The Space We Share) بالمعنى الإنجليزي والعربي وأمثلة، وعيلات الكلمات والـ collocations وتدريبات زي المراجعات.

تانية بكالوريا English

الدرس ده عن إيه؟

This page collects the key vocabulary of Unit 6: The Space We Share. Each word has a simple English meaning, the Arabic meaning and a short example. Then you will practise word families, collocations, prefixes and suffixes, synonyms and antonyms.

الصفحة دي فيها أهم كلمات Unit 6: The Space We Share، متقسمة حسب دروس الوحدة. الوحدة كلها عن فكرة إن الكوكب ده مشترك بينا وبين الحيوانات والدول التانية، وإن كل واحد عليه مسؤولية (responsibility)، وإن فيه ناس بتدافع (advocate) عن اللي مالوش صوت زي الحيوانات والبيئة.

الكلمات دي متاخدة من نصوص الوحدة وجداول الـ Vocabulary وMedia Analysis: Key Concepts في الكتاب: 6.1 A World We Borrow (الطيور المهاجرة والأراضي الرطبة)، 6.2 When Needs Compete (الفلاح والأفيال)، 6.3 Voices for the Voiceless (نور والسلاحف البحرية)، 6.4 Global Citizens, Local Actions (زراعة المانجروف)، وكمان Consolidation Review C.

إزاي تذاكر الكلمات صح؟

Do not learn a word alone. Learn its meaning in context, its family (noun, verb, adjective, adverb) and the words that usually go with it (collocations).

أسئلة الكتاب والمراجعات مش بتسألك «ترجم الكلمة» وخلاص. بتحطلك الكلمة جوه جملة وتسألك معناها في السياق ده (What does … mean in this context?)، أو تطلب منك تغيّر شكل الكلمة (noun / adjective / adverb)، أو تطلع مرادف أو عكس من قطعة. علشان كده ذاكر كل كلمة بالطريقة دي:

  1. اقرا المثال الأول وافهم الكلمة من الجملة قبل ما تبص على الترجمة.
  2. احفظ المعنى الإنجليزي البسيط، لأن الاختيارات في الـ MCQ بتيجي تعريفات بالإنجليزي.
  3. اعرف عيلة الكلمة: الاسم والفعل والصفة والظرف.
  4. اعرف الكلمة بتيجي مع إيه (collocation) زي reach a compromise مش do a compromise.
  5. اكتب جملة بنفسك عن موضوع الوحدة بكل كلمة جديدة. الكتاب بيطلب كده في Practice: Write FOUR sentences using words from the text.

كلمات 6.1: A World We Borrow

النص بيتكلم عن مليارات الطيور اللي بتهاجر كل خريف من أوروبا وآسيا وبتعدي فوق مصر، وإن مفيش دولة لوحدها تقدر تحميها.

Word / phraseMeaning / use
migrate / migratoryيهاجر / مهاجر · to move from one place to another every season · مثال: Migratory birds fly over Egypt every autumn.
finite resourcesموارد محدودة · natural things that can run out · مثال: Water and land are finite resources.
wetlandأرض رطبة / مستنقعات · land that is wet most of the time, like marshes · مثال: Birds rest in the wetlands of the Nile Delta.
staggeringمذهل / ضخم جدًا · extremely impressive or surprising in size · مثال: The number of birds was staggering.
stopoverمحطة توقف (استراحة) · a short rest or stop during a long journey · مثال: Lake Burullus is a stopover for many birds.
drainedاتصرفت منه المية (اتجفف) · having had the water removed from it · مثال: The marsh was drained for farming.
conservationistشخص بيحمي البيئة والحياة البرية · a person who works to protect nature and wildlife · مثال: Conservationists count the birds every year.
enforcementتطبيق القانون (الإلزام بيه) · making sure people follow rules or laws · مثال: Strong enforcement stops illegal hunting.
tighten (budgets tighten)تضيق / تتقلص (الميزانية) · become more limited because less money is available · مثال: When budgets tighten, nature projects are cut first.
ecotourismالسياحة البيئية · tourism that visits nature without harming it · مثال: Ecotourism brings income to local families.
negotiationتفاوض · discussion to reach an agreement · مثال: The plan needed long negotiation between farmers and officials.
legitimate needsاحتياجات مشروعة (ليها حق) · needs that are fair and reasonable · مثال: Farmers and birds both have legitimate needs.
consequencesعواقب / نتايج · results of an action, often bad ones · مثال: The consequences are felt thousands of kilometres away.

كلمات 6.2: When Needs Compete

التسجيل بيحكي عن Grace الفلاحة اللي الأفيال بتدخل مزرعتها، والمشكلة إن الطرفين ليهم حق.

Word / phraseMeaning / use
prolongedطويل / ممتد · continuing for a long time · مثال: A prolonged drought pushed elephants onto farms.
trampledداس على (واتلف) · stepped heavily on something and damaged it · مثال: Elephants trampled Grace's maize.
poachingالصيد غير القانوني · illegal hunting or capturing of wild animals · مثال: Poaching puts elephants in danger.
(wildlife) corridorممر للحيوانات · a strip of land that lets animals move safely between habitats · مثال: A wildlife corridor connects the two forests.
uninvitedمن غير دعوة / مش مرغوب فيه · arriving without being asked or wanted · مثال: Elephants are uninvited guests on the farm.
legalقانوني · allowed by law · مثال: Is it legal to scare animals away with fire?
vegetationالنباتات (الغطاء النباتي) · plants growing in a particular area · مثال: Rain brings fresh vegetation to the reserve.
endangered speciesأنواع مهددة بالانقراض · animals or plants that may soon disappear · مثال: Elephants are an endangered species.
habitat lossفقدان الموطن الطبيعي · when animals lose the place where they live · مثال: Habitat loss is caused by growing towns.
coexistenceالتعايش · living together in peace · مثال: Farmers and wildlife need peaceful coexistence.

كلمات 6.3: Voices for the Voiceless

قصة نور اللي لقت سلحفاة بحرية ميتة متلخبطة في شبكة صيد قرب الغردقة، وبدأت حملة لتنضيف الشواطئ.

Word / phraseMeaning / use
advocate (for)يدافع عن / يتكلم باسم · to speak publicly in support of a person or cause · مثال: Nour advocates for sea turtles.
voicelessاللي مالوش صوت · unable to speak for itself · مثال: Animals are voiceless, so we speak for them.
tangledمتلخبط / متشبك · caught or twisted together in a confused mess · مثال: The turtle was tangled in a net.
discardedمرمي (اتخلصوا منه) · thrown away because no longer wanted · مثال: Discarded nets kill sea animals.
campaignحملة · an organised series of actions with a social or political goal · مثال: Her campaign started with one post.
lobbyيضغط على (الحكومة) · to try to persuade a government to support a cause · مثال: Turtles cannot lobby the government.
livelihoodمصدر الرزق / أكل العيش · a person's main way of earning money · مثال: Fishing is their livelihood, not a hobby.
compromiseحل وسط · an agreement where each side gives up part of what it wanted · مثال: Safer nets were a fair compromise.
outlastيعيش أطول من / يفضل بعد · to continue to exist for longer than something else · مثال: The project outlasted her first anger.
objectionاعتراض · a reason for not agreeing · مثال: She listened to the fishermen's objections.
outrageغضب شديد · a strong feeling of anger · مثال: Online outrage alone changes very little.
donationتبرع · money or things given to help others · مثال: Donations paid for safer equipment.

كلمات 6.4: Global Citizens, Local Actions

ثريد على السوشيال ميديا عن متطوعين زرعوا 500 شتلة مانجروف على ساحل البحر الأحمر، وتسجيل عن إزاي المشاريع الصغيرة بتعلّم المواطنة العالمية.

Word / phraseMeaning / use
biodiversityالتنوع البيولوجي · the variety of plant and animal life in an area · مثال: Mangroves increase biodiversity on the coast.
coastal erosionتآكل الساحل · the slow wearing away of land along the coast · مثال: Roots reduce coastal erosion.
conservationالحفاظ على البيئة · protection and careful management of nature · مثال: Conservation needs money and people.
ecosystemنظام بيئي · living things interacting with their environment · مثال: A wetland is a rich ecosystem.
stewardshipرعاية مسؤولة (أمانة) · responsible care of something entrusted to you · مثال: Students learn stewardship of their shoreline.
citizen scienceعلم المواطنين · ordinary people collecting scientific data as volunteers · مثال: Counting birds is a form of citizen science.
global citizenshipالمواطنة العالمية · feeling responsible for the whole world, not only your country · مثال: Global citizenship begins with one beach.
abstractمجرد / نظري · existing as an idea, not as something real · مثال: 'Save the planet' is too abstract for many people.
engagementمشاركة / انخراط · active involvement in something · مثال: Student engagement grew every term.
measurableيمكن قياسه · able to be judged using a clear standard · مثال: The project gave measurable results.
paralysisشلل (عدم القدرة على التصرف) · being unable to act because you feel overwhelmed · مثال: Huge problems can cause paralysis.
single-handedlyلوحده (من غير مساعدة) · without any help from anyone else · مثال: No school can single-handedly save the ocean.
indefinitelyلأجل غير مسمى · without any fixed end point in time · مثال: The project cannot continue indefinitely without funds.

كلمات من Consolidation Review C

Word / phraseMeaning / use
greenhouse effectالاحتباس الحراري (تأثير الصوبة) · gases trapping heat in the atmosphere · مثال: The greenhouse effect makes the Earth warmer.
at an alarming rateبمعدل مقلق · very fast in a worrying way · مثال: Trees are disappearing at an alarming rate.
habitat fragmentationتقطيع الموطن الطبيعي · dividing large natural areas into small separate parts · مثال: Roads cause habitat fragmentation.
extinctionانقراض · when a species disappears completely · مثال: Isolation increases the risk of extinction.
consensusإجماع / اتفاق عام · an agreement accepted by everyone · مثال: The meeting ended with a consensus.
barren ↔ fertileأرض جرداء ↔ أرض خصبة · land that grows nothing ↔ land that grows a lot · مثال: The barren land slowly became fertile.

عيلة الكلمة (Word Families)

Many questions ask for the correct form of the word in brackets. Learn the noun, verb, adjective and adverb together.

الجدول ده فيه أشهر عيلات الكلمات في الوحدة. الخانة اللي فيها (—) يعني مفيش شكل مشهور منها في المستوى ده.

VerbNounAdjectiveAdverbالمعنى
conserveconservation / conservationist (person)conserved—يحافظ على / الحفاظ
migratemigration / migrant (person)migratory—يهاجر / هجرة
enforceenforcementenforceable—يطبّق (القانون)
measuremeasurementmeasurablemeasurablyيقيس / قابل للقياس
sustainsustainabilitysustainablesustainablyيحافظ على استمرار / مستدام
advocateadvocacy / advocate (person)——يدافع عن / الدفاع
negotiatenegotiationnegotiable—يتفاوض / تفاوض
protectprotectionprotectiveprotectivelyيحمي / حماية
destroydestructiondestructivedestructivelyيدمّر / تدمير
engageengagementengaged / engaging—يشارك / مشاركة
—responsibilityresponsibleresponsiblyمسؤولية / مسؤول
—efficiencyefficientefficientlyكفاءة / كفء
endangerdangerendangered / dangerousdangerouslyيعرّض للخطر

إزاي أعرف محتاج أنهي شكل من الكلمة؟

Look at the word before and after the gap. The position tells you if you need a noun, a verb, an adjective or an adverb.

في سؤال Complete the sentences using the correct form of the word in brackets بص على مكان الفراغ:

قبل الفراغ / بعدهمحتاج إيه؟مثال
a / an / the / my / effective + ___اسم (noun) وغالبًا بيكون بعد صفةeffective conservation
___ + اسمصفة (adjective)measurable results
فاعل + ___ (والجملة ناقصها فعل)فعل (verb) في الزمن الصحVolunteers conserve water.
فعل + ___ أو ___ + صفةظرف (adverb) وغالبًا آخره -lygrow rapidly / highly skilled
is / are / become / feel + ___صفة في الغالبThe plan is sustainable.
preposition (of / for / in / about) + ___اسم أو -ingthe need for cooperation

كلمات بتيجي مع بعض (Collocations)

A collocation is a group of words that native speakers usually use together. Using them makes your writing sound natural.

الـ collocation يعني كلمتين «متجوزين»: لازم تستخدمهم مع بعض. مثلًا بنقول reach a compromise (أو make a compromise) ومنقولش do a compromise. احفظهم كده:

Collocationالمعنىمثال
share finite resourcesيتقاسموا موارد محدودةCountries share finite resources like rivers.
cross bordersيعدّي الحدودBirds cross borders without passports.
launch / run a campaignيبدأ / يدير حملةNour launched a campaign to clean beaches.
lobby the governmentيضغط على الحكومةGroups lobby the government to protect wetlands.
reach a compromiseيوصلوا لحل وسطFarmers and officials reached a compromise.
file a complaintيقدّم شكوىWildlife cannot file a complaint.
raise awareness (of)ينشر الوعي بـPosts raise awareness of plastic waste.
take actionياخد خطوة / يتحركWe must take action before it is too late.
make a (measurable) differenceيعمل فرق (ممكن يتقاس)Small projects make a measurable difference.
protect endangered speciesيحمي الأنواع المهددةReserves protect endangered species.
illegal poachingصيد غير قانونيIllegal poaching must be stopped.
cause damage (to)يسبب ضرر لـFloods caused damage to the crops.
earn a livelihoodيكسب رزقهFishermen earn a livelihood from the sea.

البادئات واللواحق (Prefixes & Suffixes)

A prefix comes at the start of a word and often changes its meaning. A suffix comes at the end and often changes the word class (noun, adjective…).

الـ prefix حتة في أول الكلمة وغالبًا بتعكس المعنى. الـ suffix حتة في آخر الكلمة وبتقولك هي اسم ولا صفة ولا ظرف. ده بيساعدك في سؤال الـ correct form وفي إنك تخمّن معنى كلمة جديدة.

الجزءمعناهأمثلة من الوحدة
un- (prefix)مش / عكسuninvited, unstated, unlimited, unfair
il- / ir- / in- (prefix)مش (عكس)illegal, irresponsible, indefinitely, infinite
non- (prefix)غيرnon-renewable, non-profit
over- (prefix)زيادة عن اللزومoverfishing, overuse, overwhelmed
-ist (suffix)شخص (اسم)conservationist, biologist, activist
-tion / -ment (suffix)اسمmigration, negotiation, enforcement, engagement
-able (suffix)صفة: ممكن يتعملmeasurable, sustainable, renewable
-ity (suffix)اسم (صفة مجردة)biodiversity, sustainability, responsibility
-ship (suffix)اسم: حالة أو دورstewardship, citizenship, partnership
-less (suffix)من غيرvoiceless, careless, hopeless
-ly (suffix)ظرفsingle-handedly, sustainably, responsibly

المرادفات والأضداد (Synonyms & Antonyms)

Reviews often ask you to find words in the text that are synonyms or antonyms of given words. Learn the pairs below.

WordSynonym (نفس المعنى)Antonym (العكس)المعنى
staggeringastonishing / enormousordinary / tinyمذهل
finitelimitedinfinite / unlimitedمحدود
prolongedextended / longbrief / shortممتد
discardedthrown awaykept / reusedمرمي
legallawfulillegalقانوني
abstracttheoreticalconcrete / practicalنظري
preserve / conserveprotectdestroy / damageيحافظ
consensusagreementdisagreementإجماع
fertileproductivebarrenخصب
alarming rateworrying speedstable rateمعدل مقلق
outrageanger / furycalmغضب
continuityconstancy / no breaksintermittencyاستمرارية
temporaryshort-termpermanent / indefiniteمؤقت

فقرة بالكلمات الجديدة

اقرا الفقرة دي وركّز على الكلمات اللي بالـ bold. كلها من الوحدة، ولاحظ إزاي اتحطت في سياق طبيعي:

Every autumn, a staggering number of migratory birds cross our skies. They depend on a chain of wetlands, and each stopover belongs to a different country. If one wetland is drained, the consequences are felt far away. That is why conservationists say that protecting wildlife is a shared responsibility.

Last year, a group of students in Hurghada launched a campaign to remove discarded nets from the beach. At first, some fishermen had objections because fishing is their livelihood. After a long negotiation, both sides reached a compromise: donations would pay for safer nets. The students also planted mangroves and recorded measurable results, such as less coastal erosion. Their project shows that global citizenship is not an abstract idea. It starts with one beach and real engagement.

لاحظ: الفقرة فيها reached a compromise وlaunched a campaign (collocations)، وفيها كلمات من عيلات مختلفة: conservationists (اسم شخص) و measurable (صفة). استخدم نفس الأسلوب لما تكتب الـ email في الـ Summative Task.

أشهر الأخطاء (غلط ← صح)
  • ✗ do a compromise ← ✓ reach / make a compromise
  • ✗ Fishing is their live. ← ✓ Fishing is their livelihood. (الاسم مش الفعل)
  • ✗ The project gave measure results. ← ✓ The project gave measurable results. (قبل الاسم = صفة)
  • ✗ conservation (عن شخص) ← ✓ conservationist = الشخص، conservation = عملية الحفاظ
  • ✗ advocate about turtles ← ✓ advocate for turtles
  • ✗ Poaching is unlegal. ← ✓ Poaching is illegal. (قبل l بنستخدم il-)
حيلة سريعة للحفظ وللامتحان
  • -ist = بني آدم: conservationist / activist / biologist.
  • في سؤال in this context ارجع للجملة وجرّب كل اختيار مكان الكلمة. الاختيار اللي يخلّي الجملة منطقية هو الصح.
  • في سؤال antonyms from the text دوّر في القطعة على كلمة من نفس النوع (صفة قصاد صفة، اسم قصاد اسم).
  • اربط كل كلمة بصورة من الوحدة: tangled = السلحفاة في الشبكة، trampled = الفيل في مزرعة Grace.

إزاي بييجي في الأسئلة؟

الأسئلة في الكتاب والمراجعات بتيجي بالأشكال دي. هنحل مثال لكل شكل:

1) Choose the correct answer: What does the word mean in this context?

Many families in the village earn their livelihood from the river. What does "livelihood" mean in this context?

a. a protected habitat b. a way of earning money c. a short rest d. a public campaign

الإجابة: b. الجملة بتقول «بيكسبوا ... من النهر» يعني مصدر رزقهم. الاختيارات التانية كلمات تانية من الوحدة (habitat / stopover / campaign) وده فخ متكرر.

2) Complete the sentence using the correct form of the word in brackets.

Effective ________ (conserve) requires countries to work together.

الإجابة: conservation. قبل الفراغ صفة (effective) وبعده فعل (requires)، يبقى محتاجين اسم فاعل للجملة.

3) Find the words in the text that are antonyms of the words below.

The meeting ended in complete agreement. Everyone accepted the plan, and the dry land slowly became productive again.

Find antonyms of: (a) disagreement (b) barren

الإجابة: (a) agreement (b) productive. دوّرنا على اسم عكس disagreement، وصفة عكس barren.

تدريب

A. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d.

  1. 1. Funding for wetland projects is often the first thing cut when budgets tighten. What does "tighten" mean in this context? a. become more limited b. become more popular c. become illegal d. become stronger

    Show answer
    a. become more limited — لما الفلوس تقل، الميزانية بتضيق.
  2. 2. A large bird stopped at Lake Qarun for two days during its long journey south. The lake was a ________ for the bird. a. corridor b. stopover c. compromise d. campaign

    Show answer
    b. stopover — محطة استراحة قصيرة في رحلة طويلة.
  3. 3. Elephants trampled the farmer's young plants. What does "trampled" mean? a. planted carefully b. stepped heavily on and damaged c. watered regularly d. carried away

    Show answer
    b — داس عليها وبوّظها.
  4. 4. Illegal hunting of wild animals is called ________. a. poaching b. vegetation c. stewardship d. ecotourism

    Show answer
    a. poaching — الصيد غير القانوني.
  5. 5. "Save the planet" can feel too abstract, so students prefer clear tasks like planting ten trees. The opposite of "abstract" is ________. a. theoretical b. enormous c. concrete d. general

    Show answer
    c. concrete — abstract = فكرة نظرية، وعكسها حاجة ملموسة واضحة.
  6. 6. Nour's beach clean-ups outlasted the anger that started them. This means the clean-ups ________. a. ended quickly b. continued longer than the anger c. made her angrier d. replaced the fishermen

    Show answer
    b — outlast = يفضل موجود أطول من حاجة تانية.
  7. 7. Ordinary volunteers collect data about birds for a local study. This is an example of ________. a. citizen science b. habitat loss c. enforcement d. paralysis

    Show answer
    a. citizen science — ناس عادية بتجمع بيانات علمية كمتطوعين.

B. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the word in brackets.

  1. 8. The project produced ________ (measure) results that the council could evaluate.

    Show answer
    measurable — قبل الاسم results محتاجين صفة.
  2. 9. Renewable energy is essential for long-term environmental ________ (sustain).

    Show answer
    sustainability — بعد صفة environmental محتاجين اسم.
  3. 10. Many ________ (conserve) believe that wetlands must be protected.

    Show answer
    conservationists — Many + اسم جمع لأشخاص (بيعتقدوا).
  4. 11. Strict ________ (enforce) of fishing rules protects sea turtles.

    Show answer
    enforcement — بعد الصفة strict اسم.
  5. 12. Every year, millions of birds ________ (migrate) across the Mediterranean.

    Show answer
    migrate — بعد الفاعل محتاجين فعل في المضارع البسيط.
  6. 13. We should use water ________ (responsible) because it is a finite resource.

    Show answer
    responsibly — بيوصف الفعل use، يبقى ظرف.
  7. 14. Students showed great ________ (engage) in the mangrove project.

    Show answer
    engagement — بعد الصفة great اسم.

C. Read the text, then find the words or phrases that are synonyms or antonyms of the words below.

Last spring, our village faced a serious problem. Plastic waste was reaching the river at a worrying speed. At first, people could not agree, but after a long meeting they finally reached an agreement. Volunteers collected the thrown-away bags, and the riverbank, which had been dry and empty, became productive again. The effort was long: it continued for many months.

  1. 15. A synonym of "alarming rate"

    Show answer
    worrying speed
  2. 16. An antonym of "disagreement"

    Show answer
    agreement
  3. 17. A synonym of "discarded"

    Show answer
    thrown-away
  4. 18. An antonym of "fertile" (an adjective)

    Show answer
    dry and empty — وصف الأرض قبل ما تبقى خصبة (barren).
  5. 19. An antonym of "brief"

    Show answer
    long — (The effort was long) يعني prolonged.

D. Complete the text with words from the box.

livelihood – compromise – campaign – discarded – advocate – lobby

  1. 20. Nour started a ________ to clean the beaches of Hurghada.

    Show answer
    campaign — حملة ليها هدف.
  2. 21. She found a turtle caught in a ________ fishing net.

    Show answer
    discarded — شبكة مرمية.
  3. 22. Fishermen said the sea was their ________, so changing nets was costly.

    Show answer
    livelihood — مصدر رزقهم.
  4. 23. After long talks, both sides accepted a ________: safer nets paid for by donations.

    Show answer
    compromise — حل وسط.
  5. 24. Volunteers ________ the local council to ban plastic bags near the shore.

    Show answer
    lobby — يضغطوا على المسؤولين علشان يدعموا قضية.
  6. 25. We must ________ for animals because they cannot speak for themselves.

    Show answer
    advocate — advocate for = يدافع عن.
ملخص الدرس في سطرين
  • كلمات الوحدة بتدور حول: الحيوانات والموارد المشتركة (migratory, finite, wetland)، الصراع على الأرض (livelihood, poaching, corridor)، الدفاع عن البيئة (advocate, campaign, lobby, compromise) والمواطنة العالمية (biodiversity, stewardship, measurable).
  • احفظ عيلة الكلمة: conserve → conservation → conservationist / measure → measurable / sustain → sustainability.
  • احفظ الـ collocations: reach a compromise, launch a campaign, lobby the government, file a complaint.
  • في سؤال in this context رجّع الكلمة للجملة. وفي الـ antonyms دوّر على كلمة من نفس النوع.
كل دروس المنهج

Grammar · القواعد

Vocabulary & Language · الكلمات واللغة

Reading · القراية

Listening · الاستماع

Speaking · الكلام

Writing · الكتابة

Literature · الأدب والقصة